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Neighbourhood effect
The neighbourhood effect is one of the contextual variables that explains the tendency of a person to vote in a certain direction based upon the relational effects of the people living in the neighbourhood. The voting preference of a neighbourhood tends to be formed by consensus, where people tend to vote with the general trend of the neighbourhood. This consensus is formed by the personal connections a person forms in a community. There also seems to be some socio-economic correlation to voting patterns, and this has also been used to predict voting behavior.
== History ==
The term was coined in the seminal works of Kevin Cox in 'The Voting Decision in a Spatial Context'〔K.R. Cox, ''Progress in Geography'', "The Voting Decision in a Spatial Context" (1969)〕 and later popularized by Ron J. Johnston in 'Political Geography' (1979) and Peter J. Taylor and G. Gudgin in 'Geography of Elections' (1979)〔N. Wrigley and R.J. Bennett (eds.), ''Quantitative Geography: A British View'' (1981).〕〔R.J. Johnston, ''Political Geography'' (1979), Chapter 34, and P.J. Taylor and G. Gudgin, ''Geography of Elections'' (1979), Chapter 35.〕 It seems, at the time at least, that they were attempting to justify the use of mathematical modelling in the study of voting patterns and the correlations between spatial data. Both seem to have made a case that studying this is only possible with good quantitative data and an understanding of how people in these small spatial areas live, work, and think.
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